Cubism: Its Origin and Its Place in Architectural Decoration

Cubism is a revolutionary art movement that emerged in the early 20th century, especially between 1907 and 1914, under the leadership of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. This movement, which stands out with the innovations it initiated in the field of painting, also left deep traces in the world of architecture and decoration.

What is Cubism?

Cubism is an art movement that represents objects and figures in an abstract way with geometric shapes and multiple perspectives. Moving beyond the traditional understanding of art, artists aimed to present various perspectives together while transferring three-dimensional objects to two-dimensional surfaces. This is a method that enriches the viewer's perception of the object. Cubism has been influential in many areas from painting to architecture and has played an important role in the development of many branches of art.

Historical Development of Cubism

Cubism began in 1907 with Picasso's work "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon". This work rejected the traditional understanding of composition and represented female figures with sharp angles and geometric forms. This movement, which they developed together with Georges Braque, first showed itself in the field of painting. However, it soon spread to architecture and interior design, creating a wider area of ​​influence.

The Effects of Cubism on Architecture and Decoration

The effects of Cubism on architecture and decoration became evident especially from the mid-20th century. During this period, architects designed spaces in an innovative way using cubist principles.

Geometric Forms and Structural Innovations

Cubism encouraged the use of geometric forms in architectural designs. Structures such as Frank Lloyd Wright’s “Fallingwater” blend straight lines and angles to create an aesthetic that is in harmony with nature. By combining natural elements with geometric forms, Wright made the space both functional and artistic.

Open Plan Layouts

Instead of the traditional concept of closed spaces, Cubism encouraged open and fluid plan layouts. This layout increases social interaction in spaces and creates more dynamic areas where people can spend time together. For example, Le Corbusier's work "Villa Savoye" brought functionality to the forefront with its open plan layout and brought a new understanding to modern living spaces.

Use of Color and Texture

Cubism encouraged the use of bold color palettes and a variety of textures in interior design. For example, in the late 1910s, architect Marcel Breuer designed functional furniture that reflected the cubist aesthetic in spaces influenced by the Bauhaus school. The colors and textures used in these furniture added a dynamic atmosphere to the spaces.

The Elimination of Boundaries Between Art and Architecture

Cubism encouraged collaboration between architects and artists, making architectural design a form of artistic expression. Artistic objects and sculptures began to be used frequently in interior spaces. For example, in the works of Antonio Gaudí, it is possible to see how architectural and artistic elements are blended together. Gaudí's "Sagrada Família" combines architecture and art, offering visitors a unique experience.

Influence on Architectural Movements

Cubism has also influenced later architectural movements. Movements such as modernism and postmodernism in particular have integrated cubist elements into their designs. For example, Mies van der Rohe’s “Barcelona Pavilion” is a structure designed with a minimalist yet cubist approach. The use of geometric forms and the open space layout have created a modern aesthetic inspired by cubism.

Cubism and Its Reflection Today

Today, cubism continues to be influential in architectural design and interior decoration. Especially in modern interiors, cubist elements and geometric forms are frequently used. With the widespread use of 3D design software, architects can take cubist principles to a further level. In addition, contemporary artists and architects are developing new forms and styles inspired by cubism, integrating traces of the past into modern designs.

Conclusion: Cubism, beyond being just an art movement, has created revolutionary changes in the world of architecture and decoration. Elements such as geometric forms, open plan layouts and bold use of color emerged with Cubism and are still evident in today's designs. Future generations will continue to discover the aesthetic and functional values ​​of this movement; Cubism will continue to be an inspiring source throughout history.